What is the best way to explain the difference in the sounds of the letters “c” and “k”? My son is very confused with this. The other hurdle we have met is explaining the ending sounds of a letter. For example: he gets a worksheet from school that shows pictures that end with the letter “t.” He is instructed to circle the words that end in “t.” He wants to just circle the words that start with the “t” sound. I am looking forward to your response. Thanks!

At the beginning of most phonics programs, there is no difference between the sounds of the letters “c” and “k.” They both say their hard sound as in “cat” and “kite.” Don’t try to introduce the soft sound of “c” as in “celery” for a long while yet as that will greatly confuse children. Just teach that “c” says “ccc” as in cat and that “k” also says the “ccc” sound as in kite. At this point in their learning, they both say the same sound.

Recognizing ending sounds versus beginning sounds: perhaps he is unclear as to what the definition of beginning sounds and ending sounds are. Be sure he understands what a beginning sound is. Make sure his point of reference is very clear about which letter he’s looking at. Children at this age often mix up their point of reference with a letter. For example: they write their name completely perfectly, but backwards. Or they go to read a word and start from right to left, instead of from left to right. So make sure that he clearly understands what is being asked. Then a practice game is a good way to reinforce beginning and ending sounds. Lay out a few letter flashcards and spell the word “cat.” Have him read that word. Then change the beginning letter to “h.” Have him read “hat.” Then change the beginning letter (and use those words so he understands what your doing) to “m.” Have him read “mat,” etc. Let him choose some letters to place at the beginning of each word. Even silly words are fun to sound out and read. Then change the reference and change the ending sound, etc. Hope these tips help in your progress with your child. Enjoy the process of helping your child learn.